As one of the world's leading biomedical research institutions, UCSF has produced a stream of medical innovations that save lives every day and improve the health of millions of people. Developing a new medical treatment is a long process that starts in the lab and animal testing and ends in studies with human volunteers called clinical trials. These trials are an essential part of our mission and provide opportunities for our patients to benefit from the latest research.

概述

A clinical trial is a study that evaluates the safety and effectiveness of a new approach to detecting, 防止, 诊断或治疗疾病的. Clinical trials are how researchers determine whether the new approach is better than current ones. When conducting a clinical trial, researchers must follow strict rules to protect the participants.

Participants in a clinical trial may be assigned to receive an experimental treatment, 比如一种新药, 外科手术或医疗器械. The researchers measure specific outcomes to determine whether the treatment is safe and effective. 通过参加临床试验, participants may have access to a promising therapy before it becomes available to the general public.

在另一种临床研究中, 叫做观察性研究, 十大赌博靠谱网络平台者没有被指定接受特定的治疗. 而不是, they receive routine care and are monitored over a period of time, 而研究小组则收集和分析有关它们的数据.

临床试验是如何进行的

Clinical trials progress in a series of steps, called phases, that build on one another. In each phase, researchers try to answer a different question.

  • 第一阶段:安全吗? Researchers test a new treatment in a small group of people for the first time. 主要目标是评估安全性, though the researchers also look for side effects and try to determine a safe range of doses. Participants may be healthy or may have the condition that the treatment is intended to help.
  • 阶段一:它有效吗? 一旦研究人员确定治疗是安全的, they test it in a larger group of people to make sure it is effective. 他们还在继续研究副作用和适当的剂量.
  • 阶段三:是否比我们现在拥有的更好? The researchers compare the new treatment with one or more existing treatments. 通常, this phase involves a large number of people and these participants are divided into groups, with some getting the experimental treatment and some getting the existing treatment, 所以结果可以比较. If the study shows the treatment is at least as safe and effective as existing treatments, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reviews it for approval. 如果获得批准，它将向公众开放.
  • 第四阶段:我们还能学到什么? FDA批准后, researchers may do an additional study to look at whether the treatment can be used for other conditions or can lead to problems in the long run.

谁可以参加

各个年龄段的人, 性别和种族群体可以参加临床试验, 但每项研究对十大赌博靠谱网络平台者都有自己的标准. The kinds of volunteers needed for a trial depend on the criteria of the trial and the questions researchers are trying to answer. 特定试验的标准可能涉及年龄, 性, 特定疾病的类型和阶段, 既往治疗或其他医疗因素. The researchers may be looking for healthy volunteers or people with a particular condition (known as patient volunteers).

为什么要参加

Clinical trials are at the heart of medical research: They help establish better treatments and bring better outcomes to many patients. Healthy volunteers may choose to participate because they want to help others and contribute to scientific research. 除了这些激励措施, patient volunteers may be motivated by the opportunity to get access to a promising treatment that isn't yet available to the general public. 然而, participants should understand that their condition may not improve with the experimental treatment and that they could experience adverse side effects, 其他可能的缺点.

参加临床试验有风险. The new treatment may not be as effective as the standard treatment or may have side effects the researchers did not anticipate. Participation may require extra trips to the doctor's office and additional tests.

十大赌博靠谱网络平台是一种个人选择. If you're considering taking part in a particular clinical trial, 确保你知道这项研究的内容. 为了做出决定, you need to feel informed and comfortable and be able to weigh the potential benefits and drawbacks, 所以一定要找到你所有问题的答案. 以下是一些你应该问自己和十大赌博平台排行榜的问题:

  • 我符合入选标准吗?
  • 十大赌博靠谱网络平台有什么好处?
  • 可能的副作用是什么?
  • What if I'm placed in the control group that doesn't get the treatment under evaluation? (在很多试验中, those receiving the placebo will cross over later on and receive the active treatment.)
  • 如果我退出试验或被取消试验怎么办?
  • What happens if my condition gets worse while I'm in the trial?

如果你想参加试验，但不符合资格, you may still be able to access the treatment through a program called expanded access, 也被称为同情使用. This provision allows companies to make treatments that are under investigation and not approved by the FDA available to individuals with serious illness who may benefit but don't fit the clinical trial's criteria.

To learn about patient opportunities in current research at UCSF, visit UCSF临床试验.