骨扫描

定义

A bone scan is an imaging test used to diagnose bone diseases and find out how severe they are.

选择的名字

闪光-骨头

如何执行测试

A bone scan involves injecting a very small amount of radioactive material (radiotracer) into a vein. The substance travels through your blood to your bones and organs. As it wears off, it gives off a bit of radiation. This radiation is detected by a camera that slowly scans your body. The camera takes pictures of how much radiotracer collects in the bones.

If a bone scan is done to see if you have a bone infection, images may be taken shortly after the radioactive material is injected and again 3 to 4 hours later, when it has collected in the bones. This process is called a 3-phase bone scan.

To evaluate whether cancer has spread to the bone (转移性 bone disease), images are taken only after the 3- to 4-hour delay.

The scanning part of the test will last about 1 hour. The scanner's camera may move above and around you. 你可能需要改变位置.

You will probably be asked to drink extra water after you receive the radiotracer to help flush the material from your bladder.

如何准备考试

You must remove jewelry and other metal objects. You may be asked to wear a hospital gown.

Tell your health care provider if you are or may be pregnant.

Do not take any medicine with bismuth in it, such as Pepto-Bismol, for 4 days before the test.

Follow any other instructions you are given.

考试的感觉如何

There is a small amount of pain when the needle is inserted. 在扫描过程中，没有疼痛. You must remain still during the scan. The technologist will tell you when to change positions.

You may experience some discomfort due to lying still for a long period.

为什么要进行测试

骨扫描可用于:

• 诊断骨肿瘤或癌症.
• Determine if a cancer that began elsewhere in your body has spread to the bones. Common cancers that spread to the bones include breast, lung, prostate, thyroid, kidney.
• 诊断骨折, when it cannot be seen on a regular x-ray (most commonly hip fractures, stress fractures in the feet or legs, 或脊柱骨折).
• 诊断 骨感染(骨髓炎).
• Diagnose or determine the cause of bone pain, when no other cause has been identified.
• Evaluate metabolic disorders, such as 骨软化, 原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进, 骨质疏松症, 复杂局部疼痛综合征, 佩吉特病.

正常的结果

Test results are considered normal if the radiotracer is present evenly throughout all the bones.

异常结果意味着什么

An abnormal scan will show "hot spots" and/or "cold spots" as compared to surrounding bone. Hot spots are areas where there is an increased collection of the radioactive material. Cold spots are areas that have taken up less of the radioactive material.

骨扫描 findings must be compared with other imaging studies, 比如x光或CT扫描, in addition to clinical information. Your provider will discuss any abnormal findings with you.

风险

If you are pregnant or nursing, the test may be postponed to prevent exposing the baby to radiation. If you must have the test while breastfeeding, you should pump and throw away the breast milk for the next 2 days.

The amount of radiation injected into your vein is very small. All radiation is gone from the body within 2 to 3 days. The radiotracer that is used exposes you to a very small amount of radiation. The risk is probably no greater than with routine x-rays.

风险 related to the bone radiotracer are rare, but may include:

• 速发型过敏反应 (严重过敏反应)
• 皮疹
• 肿胀

There is a slight risk of infection or bleeding when the needle is inserted into a vein.

参考文献

Kapoor G, tom AP. Current status of imaging of the musculoskeletal system. In: Adam A, Dixon AK, Gillard JH, Schaefer-Prokop CM, eds. 格兰杰 & 艾利森诊断放射学. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 38.

里本斯C，纳慕尔G. Bone scintigraphy and positron emission tomography. In: Hochberg MC, Gravallese EM, Smolen JS, van der Heijde D, Weinblatt ME, Weisman MH, eds. 风湿病学. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 47.