心电图

定义

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a test that records the electrical activity of the heart.

选择的名字

ECG; EKG

How the Test is Performed

You will be asked to lie down. The health care provider will clean several areas on your arms, 腿, 和胸部, and then will attach small patches called electrodes to those areas. It may be necessary to shave or clip some hair so the patches stick to the skin. The number of patches used may vary.

The patches are connected by wires to a machine that turns the heart's electrical signals into wavy lines, which are often printed on paper. The doctor reviews the test results.

You will need to remain still during the procedure. The provider may also ask you to hold your breath for a few seconds as the test is being done.

It is important to be relaxed and warm during an ECG recording because any movement, 包括颤抖, 可以改变结果.

Sometimes this test is done while you are exercising or under light stress to look for changes in the heart. This type of ECG is often called a stress test.

How to Prepare for the Test

Make sure your provider knows about all the medicines you are taking. Some drugs can interfere with test results.

Do not exercise or drink cold water immediately before an ECG because these actions may cause false results.

考试的感觉如何

心电图是无痛的. No electricity is sent through the body. The electrodes may feel cold when first applied. In rare cases, some people may develop a rash or irritation where the patches were placed.

Why the Test is Performed

An ECG is used to measure:

• 对心脏的任何损伤
• How fast your heart is beating and whether it is beating normally
• The effects of drugs or devices used to control the heart (such as a 起搏器)
• The size and position of your heart chambers

An ECG is often the first test done to determine whether a person has 心脏病. Your provider may order this test if:

• 你有 胸部疼痛 or 心慌
• You are scheduled for surgery
• 你有 had heart problems in the past
• 你有 a strong history of 心脏病 in the family

正常的结果

Normal test results most often include:

• Heart rate: 60 to 100 beats per minute
• Heart rhythm: Consistent and even

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal ECG results may be a sign of:

• Damage or changes to the heart muscle
• Changes in the amount of the electrolytes (such as potassium and calcium) in the blood
• 先天性心脏缺陷
• Enlargement of the heart
• Fluid or swelling in the sac around the heart
• Inflammation of the heart (心肌炎)
• 过去或现在 心脏病
• Poor blood supply to the heart arteries
• 心律失常(心律失常)

Some heart problems that can lead to changes on an ECG test include:

• Atrial fibrillation/flutter
• 心脏病
• 心脏衰竭
• Multifocal atrial tachycardia
• Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
• 病窦综合征
• Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome

风险

没有风险.

注意事项

The accuracy of the ECG depends on the condition being tested. A heart problem may not always show up on the ECG. Some heart conditions never produce any specific ECG changes.

参考文献

Brady WJ, Harrigan RA, Chan TC. Basic electrocardiographic techniques. In: Roberts JR, Custalow CB, Thomsen TW, eds. Roberts and Hedges' Clinical Procedures in Emergency Medicine and Acute Care. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 14.

甘孜L，林克MS. 心电描记法. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 48.

Mirvis DM, Goldberger AL. 心电描记法. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 14.