肝炎病毒小组

定义

The hepatitis virus panel is a series of blood tests used to detect current 或者过去的感染 by 甲型肝炎, 乙型肝炎, or 丙型肝炎. It can screen blood samples for more than one kind of hepatitis virus at the same time.

抗体 和 抗原 tests can detect each of the different hepatitis viruses.

Note: Hepatitis D only causes disease in people who also have 乙型肝炎. It is not routinely checked in a hepatitis antibody panel.

选择的名字

Hepatitis A antibody test; Hepatitis B antibody test; Hepatitis C antibody test; Hepatitis D antibody test

如何执行测试

Blood is most often drawn from a vein from the inside of the elbow or the back of the h和. The site is cleaned with germ-killing medicine (antiseptic). The health care provider wraps an elastic b和 around the upper arm to apply pressure to the area 和 make the vein swell with blood.

Next, the provider gently inserts a needle into the vein. The blood collects into an airtight tube attached to the needle. The elastic b和 is removed from your arm. Once the blood has been collected, the needle is removed. The puncture site is covered to stop any bleeding.

用于婴儿或幼童, a sharp tool called a lancet may be used to puncture the skin 和 make it bleed. The blood collects into a small glass tube, or onto a slide or test strip. A b和age may be placed over the area if there is any bleeding.

The blood sample is sent to a lab to be examined. Blood (serology) tests are used to check for 抗体 to each of the hepatitis viruses.

如何准备考试

不需要特别准备.

考试的感觉如何

Some people feel moderate pain when the needle is inserted to draw blood. Others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. 之后，你可能会感到一些悸动.

为什么要进行测试

Your provider may order this test if you have signs or symptoms of hepatitis. 它用于:

• Detect current or previous hepatitis infection
• Determine how contagious a person with hepatitis is
• Monitor a person who is being treated for hepatitis

The test may be performed for other conditions, such as:

• 慢性持续性肝炎
• 丁型肝炎(丁型病毒)
• 肾病综合症
• 冷沉球蛋白血症
• 迟发性皮肤卟啉症
• 多形性红斑和结节

正常的结果

结果正常说明没有肝炎 抗体 or 抗原s are found in the blood sample. 这被称为负结果.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly depending on the lab doing the test. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

异常结果意味着什么

There are different tests for 甲型肝炎 和 乙型肝炎. 阳性结果被认为是不正常的.

阳性测试可能意味着:

• You currently have a hepatitis infection. This may be a new infection (acute 肝炎), or it may be an infection that you have had for a long time (慢性 肝炎).
• You had a hepatitis infection in the past, but you no longer have the infection 和 can't spread it to others.

甲型肝炎测试结果:

• IgM anti-甲型肝炎 virus (HAV) 抗体, you have had a recent infection with 甲型肝炎
• Total (IgM 和 IgG) 抗体 to 甲型肝炎, 你最近有, 或者过去的感染, 或者对甲型肝炎有免疫力

乙型肝炎测试结果:

• Hepatitis B surface 抗原 (HBsAg): you have an active 乙型肝炎 infection, 近期或长期(长期)
• 抗体 to 乙型肝炎 core 抗原 (Anti-HBc), 你最近有 or past 乙型肝炎 infection
• 抗体 to HBsAg (Anti-HBs): you have a past 乙型肝炎 infection or you have received the 乙型肝炎 vaccine 和 are unlikely to become infected
• Hepatitis B type e 抗原 (HBeAg): you have a 乙型肝炎 infection 和 you are more likely to spread the infection to others through sexual contact or by sharing needles

Antibodies to 丙型肝炎 can most often be detected 4 to 10 weeks after you get the infection. Other types of tests may be done to decide on treatment 和 monitor the 丙型肝炎 infection.

风险

风险 associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• 大出血
• 昏厥或感到头晕
• Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin)
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Daniels l, Khalili M, Goldstein E, Bluth MH, Bowne WB, Pincus MR. 肝功能评估. 见:McPherson RA, Pincus MR，编辑. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis 和 Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 22.

Pawlotsky J-M. 急性病毒性肝炎. 参见:Goldman L, Schafer AI主编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 139.

Pawlotsky J-M. 慢性病毒性和自身免疫性肝炎. 参见:Goldman L, Schafer AI主编. Goldman-Cecil医学. 26日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 140.