Histocompatibility antigen test

定义

A histocompatibility antigen blood test looks at proteins called human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). These are found on the surface of almost all cells in the human body. HLAs are found in large amounts on the surface of white blood cells. They help the immune system tell the difference between body tissue 和 substances that are not from your own body.

选择的名字

HLA typing; Tissue typing

How the Test is Performed

Blood is drawn from a vein. You may feel slight pain or a sting when the needle is inserted. Afterward, there may be some throbbing.

How to Prepare for the Test

You do not need to prepare for this test.

Why the Test is Performed

The results from this test can be used to identify good matches for tissue grafts 和 organ transplants. 这些可能包括 肾移植 or bone marrow transplant.

It may also be used to:

• Diagnose certain autoimmune disorders. Drug-induced hypersensitivity is an example.
• Determine relationships between children 和 parents when such relationships are in question.
• Monitor treatment with some medicines.

正常的结果

You have a small set of HLAs that are passed down from your parents. 孩子们, 平均, will have half of their HLAs match half of their mother's 和 half of their HLAs match half of their father's.

It is unlikely that two unrelated people will have the same HLA makeup. However, identical twins may match each other.

Some HLA types are more common in certain autoimmune diseases. 例如, HLA-B27抗原 is found in many people (but not all) with ankylosing spondylitis 和 Reiter综合症.

风险

There is little risk involved with having your blood taken. Veins 和 arteries vary in size from one person to another 和 from one side of the body to the other. Taking blood from some people may be more difficult than from others.

Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight, but may include:

• Fainting or feeling lightheaded
• Multiple punctures to locate veins
• Hematoma (blood buildup under the skin)
• Excessive bleeding
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

参考文献

Bray R, Sullivan C, Krummey S, Gebel HM. Human leukocyte antigen: the major histocompatibility complex of humans. In: McPherson RA, Pincus MR, eds. Henry's Clinical Diagnosis 和 Management by Laboratory Methods. 24日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 50.

Monos DS, Rajalingam R. The major histocompatibility complex. In: Rich RR, Fleisher TA, Schroeder HW, Wey和 CM, Corry DB, Puck JM, eds. Clinical Immunology: Principles 和 Practice. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 5.

Wang E, Adams S, Stroncek DF, Marincola FM. Human leukocyte antigen 和 human neutrophil antigen systems. In: Hoffman R, Benz EJ, Silberstein LE et al, eds. Hematology: Basic Principles 和 Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 114.