酮类尿检

定义

A ketone urine test measures the amount of ketones in the urine.

选择的名字

Ketone bodies - urine; Urine ketones; Ketoacidosis - urine ketones test; Diabetic ketoacidosis - urine ketones test

How the Test is Performed

Urine ketones are usually measured as a "spot test." This is available in a test kit that you can buy at a drug store. The kit contains dipsticks coated with chemicals that react with ketone bodies. A dipstick is dipped in the urine sample. A color change indicates the presence of ketones.

This article describes the ketone urine test that involves sending collected urine to a lab.

A clean-catch urine sample 是必要的. The clean-catch method is used to prevent germs from the penis or vagina from getting into a urine sample. 收集你的尿液, the health care provider may give you a special clean-catch kit that contains a cleansing solution and sterile wipes. Follow instructions exactly.

How to Prepare for the Test

You may have to follow a special diet. Your provider may tell you to temporarily stop taking certain medicines that may affect the test.

考试的感觉如何

The test involves only normal urination. 没有不适.

Why the Test is Performed

Ketone testing is most often done if you have 1型糖尿病 和:

• Your blood sugar is higher than 240 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL)
• You have nausea or vomiting
• You have pain in the abdomen

Ketone testing may also be done if:

• You have an illness such as pneumonia, heart attack, or stroke
• You have nausea or vomiting that does not go away especially if you take certain medicines
• 你怀孕了

正常的结果

A negative test result is normal.

Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories. Some labs use different measurements or test different samples. Talk to your provider about the meaning of your specific test results.

What Abnormal Results Mean

An abnormal result means you have ketones in your urine. The results are typically listed as small, moderate, or large as follows:

• Small: <20 mg/dL
• Moderate: 30 to 40 mg/dL
• Large: >80 mg/dL

Ketones build up when the body needs to break down fats and fatty acids to use as fuel. This is most likely to occur when the body does not get enough sugar or carbohydrates.

这可能是由于 diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA is a life-threatening problem that affects people with diabetes. It occurs when the body cannot use sugar (glucose) as a fuel source because there is no insulin or not enough insulin in relation to the amount of glucagon in the blood. Fat is used for fuel instead.

An abnormal result may also be due to:

• Fasting or starvation: such as with 厌食症 (饮食失调)
• High protein or low carbohydrate diet
• Vomiting over a long period (such as during early pregnancy)
• Acute or severe illnesses, such as sepsis or burns
• 高烧
• The thyroid gland making too much thyroid hormone (甲状腺机能亢进)
• Nursing a baby, if the mother does not eat and drink enough
• Medicines that are sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2 inhibitors)

风险

There are no risks with this test.

参考文献

Murphy M, Srivastava R, Deans K. Diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes mellitus. In: Murphy M, Srivastava R, Deans K, eds. Clinical Biochemistry: An Illustrated Colour Text. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 32.

麻袋DB. 糖尿病. In: Tifai N, ed. Tietz Textbook of Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics. 6日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2018:chap 57.