精神状态测试

定义

精神状态测试 is done to check a person's thinking ability and to determine if any problems are getting better or worse. It is also called neurocognitive testing.

选择的名字

Mental status exam; Neurocognitive testing; Dementia-mental status testing

如何执行测试

A health care provider will ask a number of questions. The test can be done in the home, in an office, nursing home, or hospital. Sometimes, a psychologist with special training will do more detailed tests.

常用的测试有:

• Mini-mental state examination (MMSE) or Folstein test
• Montréal cognitive assessment (MoCA)

精神状态测试 looks at the following factors:

外观

The provider will check your physical appearance, including:

• 年龄
• 服装
• 一般舒适度
• 性
• 梳理
• 身高/体重
• 表达式
• 的姿势
• 眼神交流

的态度

• 友好还是敌对
• Cooperative or ambivalent (uncertain)

取向

The provider will ask questions such as:

• 你叫什么名字??
• 你多大了??
• 你在哪里工作??
• 你住在哪里??
• 今天是什么日子，什么时间?
• 现在是什么季节??

精神运动活动

• Are you calm or irritable and anxious
• Do you have a normal expression and body movement (affect) or display a flat and depressed affect

注意力

Attention span may be tested earlier, because this basic skill can influence the rest of the tests.

提供者将检查:

• Your ability to complete a thought
• Your ability to think and problem solve
• Whether you are easily distracted

You may be asked to do the following:

• Start at a certain number, and then begin to subtract backwards by 7s.
• Spell a word forward and then backward.
• Repeat up to 7 numbers forward, and up to 5 numbers in reverse order.

最近和过去的记忆

The provider will ask questions related to recent people, 的地方, and events in your life or in the world.

You may be shown 3 items and asked to say what they are, and then recall them after 5 minutes.

The provider will ask about your childhood, school, or events that occurred earlier in life.

语言功能

The provider will determine if you can express your ideas clearly. The provider will note if you repeat yourself or repeat what the provider says. The provider will also find out if you have trouble expressing or understanding (aphasia).

The provider will point to everyday items in the room and ask you to name them. Or you may be asked to name less common items.

You may be asked to say as many words as possible in one minute that:

• 从一个特定的字母开始
• 是属于某个类别的吗

You may be asked to read or write a sentence.

判断力和智慧

This part of the test looks at how well you solve a problem or situation. You may be asked questions such as:

• "If you found a driver's license on the ground, what would you do?"
• "If a police car with lights flashing came up behind your car, what would you do?"

Some tests that screen for language problems do not account for people who do not read or write. If you know that the person being tested cannot read or write, tell the provider before the test.

If your child is having the test, it is important to help them understand the reason for the test.

正常的结果

Most tests are divided into sections, each with its own score. The results help show which part of someone's thinking and memory may be affected.

异常结果意味着什么

A number of health conditions can affect mental status. The provider will discuss these with you. An abnormal mental status test alone does not diagnose the cause. 然而, doing poorly on such tests can be due to medical illness, 脑部疾病，如痴呆, 帕金森病, 或者精神疾病. Even when the cause is known, tests may be repeated over time to see if treatment is working.

参考文献

贝雷森·埃夫，戈登·C. 精神病学访谈. In: Stern TA, Fava M, Wilens TE, Rosenbaum JF, eds. Massachusetts General Hospital Comprehensive Clinical Psychiatry. 第二版. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 2.

保尔森JS，格尔C. 神经心理学. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley's and Daroff’s Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 44.