神经活检

定义

A nerve biopsy is the removal of a small piece of a nerve for examination.

选择的名字

活检-神经

How the Test is Performed

A nerve biopsy is most often done on a nerve in the ankle called the sural nerve. Other sites may be used, depending on the test.

Your health care provider applies numbing medicine (local anesthetic) to the area before the procedure. The provider makes a small surgical cut and removes a piece of the nerve. The cut is then closed and a bandage is put on it. The nerve sample is sent to a lab, where it is examined under a microscope.

How to Prepare for the Test

Follow your provider's instructions on how to prepare for the procedure.

How the Test will Feel

When the numbing medicine is injected, you will feel a prick and a mild sting. The biopsy site may be sore for a few days after the test.

Why the Test is Performed

神经活检 may be done to help diagnose:

• Axon degeneration (destruction of the axon portion of the nerve cell)
• Damage to the small nerves
• 髓鞘脱失 (destruction of parts of the 髓鞘 sheath covering the nerve)
• Inflammatory nerve conditions (neuropathies)

神经活检 is usually done to look for inflammation that could be damaging the nerve. 十大赌博靠谱网络平台 for which the test may be done include any of the following:

• Mononeuritis multiplex (disorder that involves damage to at least two separate nerve areas)
• Necrotizing vasculitis (group of disorders that involve inflammation of the blood vessel walls)
• 神经 (complication of sarcoidosis, in which inflammation occurs in the brain, 脊髓, and other areas of the nervous system)
• Abnormal protein deposits on the nerve (amyloid)
• Vasculitis of the nerve
• Suspected tumor of the nerve

正常的结果

A normal result means the nerve appears normal.

What Abnormal Results Mean

Abnormal results may be due to:

• 淀粉样变 (sural nerve biopsy is most often used)
• 髓鞘脱失
• Inflammation of the nerve
• Infections that damage nerves
• Loss of axon tissue
• Metabolic neuropathies (nerve disorders that occur with diseases that disrupt the chemical processes in the body)
• Necrotizing vasculitis
• 结节病

风险

风险 of the procedure may include:

• 过敏反应 to the local anesthetic
• Discomfort after the procedure
• Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)
• Permanent nerve damage (uncommon; minimized by careful site selection). A small patch of skin may be permanently numb afterwards.

神经活检 is invasive and is useful only in certain situations. Talk to your provider about your options.

参考文献

Katirji B. Disorders of peripheral nerves. In: Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, Newman NJ, eds. Bradley and Daroff's Neurology in Clinical Practice. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 106.

Umansky D, Midha R. Peripheral nerve examination, evaluation, and biopsy. In: win HR, ed. Youmans and Winn Neurological Surgery. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 272.