Swan-Ganz - right heart catheterization

定义

Swan-Ganz catheterization (also called right heart catheterization or pulmonary artery catheterization) is the passing of a thin tube (catheter) into the right side of the heart and the arteries leading to the lungs. It is done to monitor the heart's function and blood flow and pressures in and around the heart.

选择的名字

Right heart catheterization; Catheterization - right heart

如何执行测试

The test can be done while you are in bed in an intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital. It can also be done in special procedure areas such as a 心导管检查 实验室.

Before the test starts, you may be given medicine (sedative) to help you relax.

你将躺在一张有衬垫的桌子上. Your doctor will make a puncture into a vein near the groin or in your arm, or neck. A flexible tube (catheter or sheath) is placed through the puncture. Sometimes, it will be placed in your leg or your arm. You will be awake during the procedure.

插入一根较长的导管. It is then carefully moved into the upper chamber of the right side of the heart. X-ray images may be used to help the health care provider see where the catheter should be placed.

Blood may be removed from the catheter. This blood is tested to measure the amount of oxygen in the blood.

During the procedure, your heart's rhythm will be constantly watched using an 心电图 (ECG).

如何准备考试

You should not eat or drink anything for 8 hours before the test starts. You may need to stay in the hospital the night before the test. Otherwise, you will check in to the hospital the morning of the test.

你要穿病号服. You must sign a consent form before the test. Your provider will explain the procedure and its risks.

考试的感觉如何

You may be given medicine to help you relax before the procedure. You will be awake and able to follow instructions during the test.

You may feel some discomfort when the IV is placed into your arm. You may also feel some pressure at the site when the catheter is inserted. In people who are critically ill, the catheter may stay in place for several days.

You may feel discomfort when the area of the vein is numbed with anesthetic.

为什么要进行测试

The procedure is done to evaluate how the blood moves (circulates) in people who have:

• Abnormal pressures in the heart arteries
• 伯恩斯
• 先天性心脏病
• 心脏衰竭
• 肾脏疾病
• 心脏瓣膜渗漏
• 肺部问题
• 冲击 (非常低的血压)

It may also be done to monitor for complications of a 心脏病. It also shows how well certain heart medicines are working.

Swan-Ganz catheterization can also be used to detect abnormal blood flow between two areas of the heart that are not normally connected.

十大赌博靠谱网络平台 that can also be diagnosed or evaluated with Swan-Ganz catheterization include:

• 心脏压塞
• 先天性心脏病
• 肺动脉高压
• Restrictive or dilated cardiomyopathy

正常的结果

该测试的正常结果如下:

• 心脏指数2.8 to 4.2 liters per minute per square meter (of body surface area)
• Pulmonary artery systolic pressure is 17 to 32 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg)
• Pulmonary artery mean pressure is 9 to 19 mm Hg
• Pulmonary diastolic pressure is 4 to 13 mm Hg
• Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure is 4 to 12 mm Hg
• Right atrial pressure is 0 to 7 mm Hg

异常结果意味着什么

异常结果可能是由于:

• Blood flow problems, such as heart failure or shock
• 心脏瓣膜病
• 肺部疾病
• Structural problems with the heart, such as a shunt from an atrial or 室间隔缺损

风险

手术的风险包括:

• Bruising around the area where the catheter was inserted
• 静脉损伤
• Puncture to the lung if the neck or chest veins are used, causing lung collapse (气胸)

非常罕见的并发症包括:

• 心脏 心律失常 需要治疗
• 心脏压塞
• 栓塞 引起的 血凝块 在导管的尖端
• 感染
• 低血压

参考文献

Kern MJ, Seto AH, Hermann J. Invasive hemodynamic diagnosis of cardiac disease. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine. 12日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 22.

Kapur NK, Sorajja P. 侵入性血流动力学. 见:Sorajja P, Lim MJ, Kern MJ，编. Kern's 心脏 Catheterization Handbook. 7日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 4.

Shreenivas SS, Lilly SM, Herrmann HC. 心源性休克的干预措施. 见:Topol EJ, Teirstein PS编. Textbook of Interventional Cardiology. 8日艾德. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 22.