A cochlear implant is a small electronic device that can help improve the hearing of people with severe, 不可逆听力损失. 虽然人工耳蜗并不能恢复正常的听力, it can allow a person to hear and understand more speech than was possible with a hearing aid.
耳蜗植入设备
对孩子来说, this could mean an opportunity to develop listening and speech skills and the potential to attend school with hearing peers. For adults, a cochlear implant could reduce social isolation and improve communication. 了解更多关于人工耳蜗的知识, 它们是如何工作的，从手术中期待什么, 请看一些常见的问题和答案.
植入物
人工耳蜗, 在20世纪70年代发展起来并得到了联邦食品和药物管理局的批准, 医用假体是放置在内耳中的吗. UCSF was instrumental in the development of the first cochlear implants and today uses the most advanced cochlear implants. We offer two cochlear implant systems — the Clarion made by Advanced Bionics Corp. 以及由Cochlear公司制造的Nucleus.
植入系统有三个主要部分:
- Microphone and Transmitter — The headpiece and transmitter is about the size of a quarter and is worn above the ear to pick up sounds. 这些声音被发送到语音处理器.
- 语音处理器-语音处理器是外部佩戴的, 要么像传呼机一样挂在腰带上，要么像大型助听器一样挂在耳后, to convert sound into a digital code that is transmitted to an implanted stimulator.
- Implanted Stimulator — The implanted stimulator is a small component placed 在皮肤下 behind the ear. It receives a digital code from the speech processor and sends it to the auditory or hearing nerve. 大脑会解释这个信号，并将其识别为声音.
The small headpiece and transmitter is held in place by a magnet coupled the implanted stimulator, 在皮肤下.
评价
Your audiologist will determine if you or your child is a candidate for a cochlear implant. 病人 are selected based on medical and hearing histories and test results as well as findings and recommendations from a psychological interview.
继续阅读
评估一般需要两天时间. Your audiologist will discuss in detail the components of the cochlear implant device, 其功能, 优点和局限性以及手术过程. The evaluation, which differs slightly for children and adults, includes the following:
- Medical Evaluation — Conducted by the implant surgeon who will take your medical history, 检查你的耳朵，并向你解释手术过程. 植入外科十大赌博平台排行榜是加州大学旧金山分校健康中心耳鼻喉科的一部分.
- CT Scan — This computerized tomography (CT) scan produces a two-dimensional X-ray of your inner ear. 它允许外科十大赌博平台排行榜评估耳朵的内部结构, recommend which ear to implant and may provide information as to the cause of deafness.
- Audiological Evaluation — This evaluation involves a hearing test to confirm the type and degree of your hearing loss, hearing aid evaluation to assess the benefit provided by a hearing aid and aided speech recognition testing to determine if a hearing aid might provide greater benefit than an implant.
- Psychological Screening — This screening is conducted by psychologists at the UCSF Center on Deafness to assess your feelings about hearing loss and the cochlear implant, 比如你做植入手术的原因和你的期望.
- 人工耳蜗咨询-此时, 你会知道你是否有资格做植入手术, 根据整个评估的结果. 如果你有资格, possible benefits and limitations will be explained and you will be provided with information to select your device.
- 学校参观-儿童参观, the purpose of the school visit is to establish an ongoing relationship with his or her school, teacher and therapists prior to implant surgery and to provide in-service training to the professionals working with your child to ensure mutual support and shared goals.
手术
手术前, you will meet with an anesthesiologist and hospital admitting personnel and complete any necessary tests. 也可以安排参观十大赌博平台排行榜. 手术通常在第二天进行.
病人 generally remain in the hospital overnight and return home the day after surgery.
Implant surgery is performed under general anesthesia and takes about three hours. 操作过程中, a surgeon will anchor a receiver-stimulator device in the temporal bone in the skull and insert what is called an "electrode array" into the cochlea, the small snail-shaped structure in the inner ear that contains the hearing organ.
首先，在耳后做一个切口，露出颞骨. 然后，外科十大赌博平台排行榜将植入物靠在骨头上. 用显微镜钻在颞骨上钻一个洞, 允许外科十大赌博平台排行榜进入耳蜗. A small hole is made in the wall of the cochlea and the electrode array is gently guided into the cochlea.
The internal receiver is secured in place on the skull bone with sutures and the incision is closed. 将无菌敷料放在切口上.
要获得人工耳蜗植入的资格，患者必须符合以下标准:
18岁及以上的成年人:
- 整体健康
- 双耳严重失聪
- 传统助听器的有限效益取决于一段试验期, 在适当的时候, 大约三个月
- 心理和情绪稳定性
- 对植入物的现实期望
- 没有耳部疾病或其他会影响手术的疾病
- 能够充分十大赌博靠谱网络平台后续项目
1至17岁儿童必须具备:
- 整体健康
- 双耳严重失聪
- 传统助听器的益处有限
- 对人工耳蜗的现实期望
- 没有耳部疾病或其他会影响手术的疾病
- 家庭承诺在手术前后遵守所有评估
- Enrollment in a post-operative rehabilitative and educational program that supports the use of cochlear implants and the development of hearing skills
后续
手术后, you will return home for four weeks to allow time for swelling and soreness to subside and the incision to heal. 几天后，在洗澡或淋浴时切口可能是湿的.
设备编程
The externally worn speech processor is activated about four weeks after surgery. 处理器将语音转换为每个用户的特殊代码. 激活和编程在植入中心进行. Programming for each implant is customized for the patient and takes about six hours over a two-day period.
测试
You will be asked to return to the UCSF 人工耳蜗中心 at regular intervals for device checks and re-evaluation. During these visits, the implant and equipment are checked and performance is measured. 重新测试通常在1点进行, 初始设备安装后的3个月、6个月和1年.
然后，进行半年度或年度评估. 成人每次训练大约需要3个小时.
结果
Benefit from a cochlear implant usually improves with time but can't be guaranteed. Rehabilitation after surgery is key to maximizing the benefits of the cochlear implant. 大多数植入人工耳蜗的人都能进行听力活动, 比如听随身听, 看电影, 使用手机和参加社交活动.
你的动机对种植体的成功至关重要. 我们鼓励我们的病人:
- 在所有醒着的时间里使用这个设备
- 尽可能多地听、说、与他人互动
- 在适应植入物时利用视觉线索, 但在准备好后逐渐减少视觉提示的使用
- 让别人辨认不熟悉的声音，让他们变得熟悉
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
