肾脏 癌症

迹象 & 症状

In its early stages, kidney cancer usually causes no obvious signs or troublesome 症状. 随着肾肿瘤的生长，可能会出现症状. 这些可能包括:

• 尿中带血. 在某些情况下，可以看到血液. 在其他情况下，血液的痕迹被检测到 验尿这是一种实验室测试，通常作为常规医疗检查的一部分进行.
• 肾内肿块肾脏区域的肿块或团块.

其他不太常见的症状可能包括:

• 乏力
• 食欲不振
• 减肥
• 反复发烧
• 身体一侧的疼痛无法消失
• 一般感觉身体不好

High blood pressure or a lower than normal number of red cells in the blood (anemia) may also signal a kidney tumor. 这些症状发生的频率较低.

诊断

找出症状的原因, your doctor may ask about your medical history and perform a physical exam. In addition to checking for general signs of health, your doctor may perform blood and urine tests. Your doctor also may carefully feel the abdomen for lumps or irregular masses.

Other tests that produce pictures of the kidneys and nearby organs are often recommended. These pictures can often show changes in the kidney and surrounding tissue. 例如， 静脉肾盂造影 是肾脏的一系列x光片, 输尿管, 在静脉中注射染料后膀胱. 所产生的图像可以显示这些器官形状的变化.

另一个测试, 动脉造影术这是一系列血管的x光片. 染料通过导管注入大血管. X-rays show the dye as it moves through the network of smaller blood vessels in and around the kidney.

肾癌, 然而, 最常通过计算机断层扫描(CT)检测, 超声或磁共振成像(MRI).

• 腹部超音波 声波，叫做 超声波人类听不到的声音，被送入腹部. The waves bounce off the kidneys and a computer uses the echoes to create a picture called a sonogram.
• 计算机断层扫描(CT) A 系列详图 从不同角度拍摄的身体内部部位的照片. 这些图片是由一台与x光机相连的计算机生成的. This also is called computerized tomography and computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan.
• 磁共振成像(MRI) A 过程 in which a magnet linked to a computer is used to create detailed pictures of areas inside the body.

治疗

肾癌的治疗取决于疾病的分期, 病人的一般健康状况和年龄, 还有其他因素. 我们的十大赌博平台排行榜根据每个病人的需要制定治疗方案.

At 加州大学旧金山分校健康 patients with kidney cancer often are treated by a team of specialists, 包括泌尿科医师, 肿瘤学家和放射肿瘤学家. 肾癌 usually is treated with surgery or biological therapy, 也叫免疫疗法. 十大赌博平台排行榜 may decide to use one treatment method or a combination of methods.

手术

手术是肾癌最常见的治疗方法. 切除肾脏的手术称为肾切除术. 最常, the surgeon removes the whole kidney along with the adrenal gland and the tissue around the kidney. 该区域的一些淋巴结也可能被切除. 这个手术被称为根治性肾切除术. Very often, the surgeon is able to remove just the part of the kidney that contains the tumor. 这个过程, 叫做部分肾切除术, is best suited for patients with small tumors or tumors on the edge of the kidney.

放射治疗

Radiation therapy, also called radiotherapy, uses high-energy rays to kill cancer cells. 十大赌博平台排行榜 sometimes use 辐射 therapy to relieve pain (palliative therapy) when kidney cancer has spread to the bone.

肾癌的放射治疗包括外照射, 哪一种来自体外的放射性物质. 机器将射线对准身体的特定部位. 最常, treatment is given on an outpatient basis in a hospital or clinic five days a week for several weeks. This schedule helps protect normal tissue by spreading out the total dose of 辐射. 你不需要留在十大赌博平台排行榜接受放射治疗, 你在治疗期间和之后都没有放射性.

生物治疗

生物治疗, 也叫免疫疗法, is a form of treatment that uses the body's natural ability or immune system, 对抗癌症. Interleukin-2 and interferon are types of biological therapy used to treat advanced kidney cancer.

Clinical trials continue to examine better ways to use biological therapy while reducing the side effects patients may experience. Many people receiving biological therapy stay in the hospital during treatment so that these side effects can be monitored.

化疗

化疗是使用药物杀死癌细胞. 虽然对许多其他癌症的治疗也有用, chemotherapy has shown only limited effectiveness against kidney cancer. Researchers continue to study new drugs and new drug combinations that may prove to be more useful.

激素疗法

Hormone therapy is used in a small number of patients with advanced kidney cancer. Some kidney cancers may be treated with hormones to try to control the growth of cancer cells. More often, it is used as palliative therapy or therapy to relieve pain.