Diabetes Mellitus
Overview
Diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic in the United States with about 1 million people over age 20 diagnosed with the condition each year. 大约有1700万人，占美国人口的6%.S. population, have diabetes mellitus, 一种身体不能产生或不能正常使用胰岛素的疾病, 胰腺中产生的一种将糖转化为能量的激素.
Diabetes, 是美国第六大死因, 会导致严重的健康并发症，如失明吗, kidney failure, 神经损伤和下肢截肢的必要性. In addition, 糖尿病是心血管疾病的主要危险因素, 大大增加了患心脏病和中风的风险.
Types of diabetes
糖尿病主要有三种类型:
Type 1 diabetes. 大约5%到10%的糖尿病患者患有1型糖尿病. It's an autoimmune disease, meaning the body's own immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Patients with type 1 diabetes have very little or no insulin, and must take insulin everyday. 尽管这种情况可以出现在任何年龄, 通常在儿童和年轻人中被诊断出来, 这就是为什么它以前被称为青少年糖尿病.
Type 2 diabetes. Accounting for 90 to 95 percent of those with diabetes, type 2 is the most common form. Usually, it's diagnosed in adults over age 40 and 80 percent of those with type 2 diabetes are overweight. 因为肥胖的增加, 2型糖尿病的诊断年龄越来越小, including in children. 最初是2型糖尿病, insulin is produced, 但是胰岛素不能正常工作, 导致胰岛素抵抗. Eventually, most people with type 2 diabetes suffer from decreased insulin production.
Gestational diabetes. 妊娠期糖尿病是在怀孕期间发生的. 它在非裔美国人中更常见, Native Americans, 拉丁裔和有糖尿病家族史的人. Typically, it disappears after delivery, although the condition is associated with an increased risk of developing diabetes later in life.
我们治疗糖尿病的方法
UCSF offers comprehensive diabetes care founded on our cutting-edge research program. 作为联邦政府认可的糖尿病研究中心, we strive to quickly translate laboratory discoveries into improved treatments and even cures. We are one of the few medical centers in the nation that can perform islet transplants for type 1 diabetes, providing a temporary cure that allows many recipients to live diabetes free for the first time in their lives. U.S. News & World Report consistently ranks UCSF Medical Center among the top five hospitals in the country for diabetes care.
We complement medical care with a variety of classes and workshops covering topics such as healthful cooking and exercise, 以及为糖尿病患者提供支持的网络. Our mission is to empower patients with the tools and information they need to lead full, healthy lives.
Explore what we do
截肢预防中心为困难病例提供了希望
对于有失去肢体危险的糖尿病患者, our specialists in numerous fields draw on groundbreaking research to offer cutting-edge care.
Awards & recognition
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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全国最好的糖尿病治疗中心之一 & endocrinology
Signs & symptoms
If you think that you have diabetes, visit your doctor immediately for a definite diagnosis. 常见症状包括:
- Frequent urination
- Excessive thirst
- Unexplained weight loss
- Extreme hunger
- Sudden vision changes
- 手或脚刺痛或麻木
- 很多时候感觉很累
- Very dry skin
- Sores that are slow to heal
- More infections than usual
有些人可能只会遇到上面列出的几种症状. About 50 percent of people with type 2 diabetes don't experience any symptoms and don't know they have the disease.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will first ask about your medical history and perform a physical examination to check for symptoms of diabetes and high blood sugar. Diabetes usually is diagnosed with the following tests that measure the glucose levels in your blood:
- Fasting plasma glucose test. 这是诊断1型和2型糖尿病的标准测试. You must not eat or drink anything for at least eight hours prior to this simple test in which blood is drawn to check your sugar levels. A diagnosis of diabetes will be made if you have a fasting blood sugar level of 126 milligrams per deciliter or higher on two separate days.
- Other tests. Diabetes also may be diagnosed based on a random high glucose level of 200mg/dl and symptoms of the disease. 你的十大赌博平台排行榜可能希望你做一个口服葡萄糖耐量试验, 糖尿病的传统检测方法是什么.
Treatments
The goal of diabetes management is to keep blood glucose levels as close to normal as safely possible. 因为糖尿病会大大增加患心脏病的风险 peripheral artery disease, measures to control blood pressure and cholesterol levels are an essential part of diabetes treatment as well.
糖尿病患者必须对自己的日常护理负责. 这包括监测血糖水平, dietary management, 保持体力活动, 控制体重和压力, 监测口服药物和, if required, 胰岛素通过注射或泵使用. 帮助患者实现这一目标, UCSF's Diabetes Teaching Center offers self-management educational programs that emphasize individualized diabetes care. The program enables patients to make more consistent and appropriate adjustments in their therapy and lifestyle.
饮食管理和身体活动
Modifying eating habits and increasing physical activity are typically the first steps toward reducing blood sugar levels. At UCSF Medical Center, all patients work with their doctor and certified dietician to develop a dietary plan. Our Teaching Center conducts workshops that provide patients with information on food nutrient content, healthy cooking and exercise.
Insulin therapy
People with type 1 diabetes require multiple insulin injections each day to maintain safe insulin levels. 胰岛素也经常用于治疗2型糖尿病. 使用胰岛素泵是一种替代注射的方法. 泵大约呼机大小，通常系在腰带上. Insulin is delivered through a small tube (catheter) that is placed under the skin (usually in the abdomen).
胰岛素主要有四种类型:
- Rapid-acting
- Short-acting
- Intermediate-acting
- Long-acting
你的十大赌博平台排行榜会决定你的剂量和多久需要注射一次胰岛素. There is no standard insulin dose as it depends on factors such as your body weight, when you eat, 你多久锻炼一次?你的身体产生多少胰岛素.
Oral medications
Sometimes blood sugar levels remain high in people with type 2 diabetes even though they eat in a healthy manner and exercise. 当这种情况发生时，可能会开出药丸形式的药物. 药物以几种不同的方式起作用. 其中包括提高人体天然胰岛素的有效性, 降低血糖生成, 增加胰岛素分泌，抑制血糖吸收. 口服糖尿病药物有时与胰岛素联合服用.
Learn more about our Diabetes Education Online and classes and workshops at the UCSF Diabetes Center.
加州大学旧金山分校健康医学专家已经审查了这些信息. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
